Governance

flickr official u.s. navy imagery a standard missile (sm 2) is fired from the royal australian navy guided missile frigate hmas sydney during a live fire exercise

The Early Warning Signs of Program Drift in Complex Programs

After more than two decades working across Defence acquisition, sustainment, systems engineering, and capability assurance programs, I’ve become increasingly convinced of one thing: Most major Defence programs do not fail because the technology is impossible. They fail because governance progressively loses the ability to control complexity. In several large Defence programs I’ve supported—spanning integrated tactical

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royal australian navy sea king exercising with royal navy divers in 2007

The Anatomy of Program Drift

In Defence, delivery failure is rarely technical — it’s structural. One of the most persistent challenges in complex Defence capability programs is not catastrophic failure — it is gradual, almost imperceptible drift. Program drift rarely begins with a major event. It starts quietly: Over time, the program slowly separates from its original engineering intent. Across

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